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Fire Hoses and Dogs: The Day Birmingham Changed America
On May 3, 1963, Birmingham's Public Safety Commissioner Bull Connor made a calculation that would reshape the American civil rights movement. He ordered fire hoses and police dogs turned on peaceful demonstrators—many of...
Historical Events
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Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries, adopting the baptismal name of João I. - 1948 The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Shelley v. Kraemer that covenants prohibiting the sale of real estate to blacks and other minorities are legally unenforceable. United States
- 1963 The police force in Birmingham, Alabama switches tactics and responds with violent force to stop the "Birmingham campaign" protesters. Images of the violent suppression are transmitted worldwide, bringing new-found attention to the civil rights movement. United States
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Joseph Murumbi appointed by Kenyatta as Kenya's second Vice President following the political fall of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, a tactical move to retain a respected intellectual within the executive branch. - 1988 London negotiations on Angola and Namibia start in search of a solution to the Angolan war and independence for Namibia. 🇦🇴 Angola
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Trial of activist Ken Saro-Wiwa adjourned